Figure 21: El Barrio de los Judíos de Córdoba

Figure 22: El Alcázar de Toledo

Figure 23: El Alcázar de Toledo

Figure 24: La Basílica de Guadalupe, Ciudad de Méjico

Figure 25: Spanish Civil War

Figure 26: La Tumba de El Cid

Figure 27: Una Escultura de El Cid

Figure 28: El Rastro

Figure 29: Las Ramblas

Figure 30: La Bufadora, Baja California

This is the barrio de los judíos de Córdoba, or the Jewish quarter. It is a series of narrow streets and alleyways in ancient Córdoba that center around the synagogue. The synagogue is in the mudéjar style and was constructed around 1315. The Spanish/Jewish writer Maimónides lived and wrote here.

Figure 22 is the Alcázar de Toledo after the civil war bombardment.

This is El Alcázar de Toledo as it exists today after its reconstruction.

La Basílica de Guadalupe is the national religious shrine of all Mexico. It has been built and rebuilt on Tepeyac hill where an Indian boy, Juan Diego, first saw a vision of a dark-skinned Virgin Mary on December 12, 1531.

Figure 20 is a rare photo of General Francisco Franco and el Colonel/General José Moscardó, comandante of El Alcázar de Toledo after the successful defense of the fortress during a famous battle of the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. El Alcázar de Toledo is known as the Alamo of Spain. El Alcázar was under attack by Republican forces and during the bombardment, Colonel Moscardó received a phone call (July 25, 1936) from the opposing Republican forces telling him that they had the son of Moscardó, Luís, as their prisoner, and if he didn’t surrender the Alcázar, they would kill his son. Colonel Moscardó then spoke to his son saying: Luís, should the time come, commend your soul to God and shout loudly "¡Viva España!" Luis was executed and the Alcázar held out until Franco’s forces could arrive to liberate them.

This is the plaque notifying the event of the death of Rodrigo Diaz de Vívar, El Cid, Campeador de Castilla, champion knight of Castile. He died in 1099 in Valencia after numerous battlefield encounters with his Moorish enemies during the reconquest of Spain from the Moors.

This sculpture is a reproduction bust of the warrior El Cid, as he must have looked campaigning against the Moors. See Figure 26 for more information on El Cid.

Figure 28 is El Rastro flea market of Madrid. This flea market takes place each Sunday morning and fiesta days in the streets near the Plaza Mayor. It opens at 9:00 AM and closes around 2:00 PM. It has been a tradition in Madrid for as long as anyone can remember. You can purchase just about anything imaginable at El Rastro.

Figure 29 is the Ramblas Avenue of Barcelona. It is a broad, tree-lined boulevard that splits Barcelona in half. The word rambla comes from the Arabic and refers to a current of water that gathers other similar water flows; eventually the whole empties into the Mediterranean. Today the currents are only multitudes of people taking advantage of cafes, street vendors, artisans, street entertainers, shops, and cabarets.

This is La Bufadora, or blowhole, in Baja, California where the currents converge on the rocky cliffs there and at the right instant a spectacular spout of water is blasted high into the air. It is such a special site that a tourist industry has developed here.